{"id":"W2972108628","doi":"10.1364/osac.2.002694","title":"Mechanically-tuned optofluidic lenses for in-plane focusing of light","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"OSA Continuum","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lens (geology); Optics; Materials science; Focal length; Optofluidics; Ray tracing (physics); Plane (geometry); Cardinal point; Optoelectronics; Microfluidics; Nanotechnology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"bench_or_experimental","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"bench_or_experimental","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001726479,0.0001302456,0.0002831065,0.0001265131,0.00001502258,0.00001107613,0.0001697468,0.000137165,0.00001786901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007411071,0.0001283398,0.00006339401,0.0001326051,0.00001433367,0.00005505104,0.00002904027,0.0001254153,0.00001877247],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002813967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000106255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001513309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991913,0.000009197873,0.0002610401,0.0001631472,0.00006612993,0.0003092167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995705,0.00009768208,0.0000402714,0.0002385526,0.00003378634,0.00001915271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001484841,0.00001185449,0.0002832832,0.00009568569,0.00002004102,0.000001716132,0.00005362644,6.442583e-8,0.9911693,0.0006156773,0.002198789,0.005535073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005744539,0.0001094387,0.0001163217,0.0001147071,0.00001057735,0.000004730906,0.00005412857,4.141544e-7,0.9868818,0.0005350319,0.01145356,0.0001448193],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935775,0.002544748,0.001257666,0.0002064377,0.0003015176,0.0002808386,0.000007519422,0.0004089434,0.001414877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979444,0.0001916618,0.001205591,0.00001844769,0.0000322884,0.00001956976,0.000006133013,0.00003051355,0.000551421],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009254772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5233545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004631824414375871,"score_gpt":0.1943896845048405,"score_spread":0.1897578600904646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}