{"id":"W2972869048","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2019.19","title":"The Legality of US Investment Sanctions against Iran before the ICJ: A Watershed Moment for the Essential Security and Necessity Exceptions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international","topic":"Economic Sanctions and International Relations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sanctions; Principle of legality; International court; Law; Political science; International law; Context (archaeology); Impartiality; Treaty; Public international law; Law and economics; Economics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005692786,0.0001867507,0.0003852421,0.001453427,0.007319982,0.009851763,0.001338282,0.005283125,0.005800464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01486827,0.0002913856,0.0003873515,0.001111904,0.01329116,0.003888379,0.002457122,0.009908509,0.0004786211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00874657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01117205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04416326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05704889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958265,0.0009400278,0.0002629361,0.0005782585,0.001528641,0.0008635003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9918174,0.004071553,0.0009491667,0.0007702257,0.002008309,0.0003833081],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001500528,0.00001744073,0.001023531,0.00001176036,0.000002319114,0.0002404819,0.00181468,0.0001501561,0.0001578926,0.9831218,0.007123948,0.006320955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005617435,0.0001004612,0.01166715,0.0009087986,0.00005732579,0.0006521838,0.01267458,0.00266175,0.002634232,0.6123357,0.3561231,0.0001284371],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1741126,0.002465686,0.01004112,0.06446441,0.001254276,0.00008318922,0.0001610423,0.0001550928,0.7472625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.977604,0.0004563079,0.001821304,0.006113437,0.0002849444,0.00002779499,0.00004554699,0.00003085528,0.01361583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04416326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08781242,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01023834523938876,"score_gpt":0.2071095206105145,"score_spread":0.1968711753711257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}