{"id":"W2974158131","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2019-0114","title":"Widespread herbicide resistance in pigweed species in Ontario carrot production is due to multiple photosystem II mutations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Agricultural Adaptation Council; Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Biology; Weed; Photosystem II; Mutant; Mutation; Gene; Botany; Genetics; Agronomy; Photosynthesis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000609344,0.00009013902,0.0001940021,0.0001713763,0.0002500949,0.00007858861,0.0004347746,0.00003174334,0.0001630898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001588846,0.00004595787,0.00003716902,0.001002247,0.0000850396,0.0003068737,0.00001556605,0.0001908002,0.00002475767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005598358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006714181,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5990245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9976633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987857,0.00002629643,0.000353939,0.0002422587,0.0002432802,0.0003485593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922,0.00008559373,0.0001392525,0.00007640624,0.0001507744,0.0003279688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002894015,0.00001857869,0.1652162,0.000003627674,0.000002345532,0.00004017038,0.003133469,0.0002434568,0.8300313,0.00036443,0.0006051,0.0003123576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001353117,0.00007008282,0.9710321,0.0001462032,0.000002745588,0.00004482619,0.0009243753,0.00002497694,0.004681088,0.0002737125,0.02255287,0.0001116422],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940184,0.00006315621,0.000001803387,0.004191676,0.0002640462,0.0003617678,0.00005551057,0.000003545333,0.001040033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977323,6.113509e-7,0.0001640695,0.0002319445,0.00005979815,0.00001145773,0.000004433505,6.982268e-7,0.001794731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8253503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4036456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01689675639980475,"score_gpt":0.1899354000504451,"score_spread":0.1730386436506403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}