{"id":"W2974182314","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201935913/pdf","title":"","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Office of Science; Gauss Centre for Supercomputing; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Université d'Orléans; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Harvard University; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Carnegie Mellon University; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; University of Portsmouth; University of Hertfordshire; National Science Foundation; Science Foundation Ireland; York University; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres; Ohio State University; New Mexico State University; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Luminosity; Redshift; Star formation; Galaxy; Infrared; Telescope; Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003293185,0.0005029162,0.0007300854,0.0009920136,0.0002707899,0.00004689348,0.001223034,0.0003031167,0.0001747185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003676019,0.0005205567,0.0002745317,0.001319269,0.0006276442,0.001430776,0.0005738503,0.0007213529,0.0002491749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001304021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002273129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003217055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000274362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969868,0.00001926901,0.001081849,0.000690066,0.0004008304,0.0008211923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972134,0.00001932259,0.000712628,0.001587722,0.0003363089,0.0001305956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001717269,0.000140496,0.7658983,0.00005508112,0.0001476723,2.732728e-8,0.000191682,0.0003033931,0.005702399,0.2260346,0.00001911203,0.001490048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001757669,0.0001718728,0.943983,0.000121967,0.00005001471,0.00000342438,0.0003796581,0.0005253733,0.02411439,0.02204128,0.006311783,0.0005395766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927847,0.00008410273,0.001128493,0.001839932,0.001323606,0.0008675689,0.00002252769,0.0005476542,0.001401413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884319,0.000009045869,0.0108083,0.000006316718,0.0003090458,0.0001009061,0.00004506577,0.00004710534,0.0002423181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2039934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007021133010199538,"score_gpt":0.2076591999773811,"score_spread":0.2006380669671815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}