{"id":"W2974693402","doi":"10.5539/hes.v9n4p44","title":"Undergraduate Student Education Programs Regarding Braille Literacy: A Transnational Comparative Study","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Braille; Fluency; Mathematics education; Psychology; Literacy; Reading (process); Inclusion (mineral); Special education; Visual impairment; Pedagogy; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006441137,0.000219878,0.0002857164,0.000211369,0.0003335403,0.0001825642,0.0001836744,0.00003149595,0.0002053244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001868644,0.0001932323,0.00008775126,0.0004792871,0.00006485392,0.0006718118,0.0000443003,0.0001883791,0.0003838478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002156231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002434767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001443794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000173453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981918,0.000227949,0.0003653156,0.0005529901,0.000443351,0.0002186255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986461,0.0002819436,0.0001882687,0.0003089539,0.0005039223,0.00007075569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002639474,0.03298925,0.2444562,0.0001994963,0.0008476468,0.000004916579,0.1359371,0.0001812627,0.02612257,0.5163999,0.03344818,0.009149547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001930504,0.0009532931,0.2081466,0.000196643,0.0002281284,0.00004113012,0.2073143,0.00004368581,0.007140024,0.005400152,0.567557,0.001048501],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9702429,0.0001648512,0.000004170845,0.005737371,0.006030348,0.001163595,0.000003412022,0.0001189712,0.01653439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9353889,0.00002316887,0.00008593116,0.0007372861,0.0002218063,0.0005723273,0.00001281226,0.00001754413,0.06294028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5341089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7879784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.114900181611622,"score_gpt":0.4354561412172154,"score_spread":0.3205559596055934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}