{"id":"W2975218902","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.9b02540","title":"Plastic Teabags Release Billions of Microparticles and Nanoparticles into Tea","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1072,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Faculty of Engineering, McGill University","keywords":"Microplastics; Steeping; Polyethylene terephthalate; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Plastic packaging; Polyethylene; Plastic pollution; Materials science; Food packaging; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Food science; Environmental chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002191512,0.000145957,0.0001589792,0.0002051599,0.0002135151,0.00001725514,0.0003387335,0.00008357866,0.001035897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001002328,0.0001267911,0.00002447227,0.0006758535,0.003380017,0.0002178886,0.0005917692,0.0001270177,0.0008477946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001668556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001646443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006311555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001493767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985512,0.00001666118,0.0002436401,0.0004777893,0.0003014857,0.0004092495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993836,0.0000708415,0.0001029975,0.0003048799,0.000002199509,0.0001354409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009308579,0.00007621423,0.154994,0.000003099043,0.000002197584,0.000002087631,0.00009391289,0.0003093475,0.840291,0.0005495012,0.00001972118,0.003649604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003877987,0.0003857932,0.1535259,0.00001786851,0.00001801158,0.00004985788,0.0003695051,0.00306356,0.8379623,0.00179806,0.002187591,0.000233785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989288,0.00008376217,0.0001820534,0.0001945451,0.0001173916,0.0001700243,0.00001254682,0.00004016068,0.0002707377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983289,0.00004188651,0.001487545,0.00003083634,0.000005256092,0.000007091101,0.000001157068,0.000009134453,0.00008822678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003415819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002646411248055708,"score_gpt":0.1770980857379245,"score_spread":0.1744516744898688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}