{"id":"W2975218902","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.9b02540","title":"Plastic Teabags Release Billions of Microparticles and Nanoparticles into Tea","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1072,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Faculty of Engineering, McGill University","keywords":"Microplastics; Steeping; Polyethylene terephthalate; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Plastic packaging; Polyethylene; Plastic pollution; Materials science; Food packaging; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Food science; Environmental chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009614311,0.0002370616,0.0001433721,0.000136729,0.0001057118,0.0002350473,0.00009444793,0.0002330359,0.0008274714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001286523,0.00011741,0.0002906578,0.00007922329,0.00009828367,0.0003056591,0.0001631302,0.0002924752,0.0002368535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001091202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008415142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002942998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004818775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999317,0.000004238103,0.000005072548,0.00001880572,0.00002331677,0.00001673137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999199,0.00001810002,0.00002767814,0.000009759143,0.0000123766,0.00001223233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003310029,0.000009001159,0.0003081603,0.00001888339,0.000005273362,0.00003716168,0.00001384456,0.00005416747,0.9984688,0.00001868405,0.00001163624,0.001021257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001465208,0.0001973188,0.004887871,0.000003702404,0.000005966531,0.00006026184,0.00002951385,0.0003008228,0.9939688,0.00001690702,0.0005244512,0.000002982385],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996225,0.0005515345,0.002427846,0.00003204945,0.00001683863,0.00001722883,0.0001295052,0.00003249021,0.0005674129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940042,0.0004305577,0.002440359,0.00005240936,0.000005784363,0.00001979087,0.0001808719,0.00001857707,0.002847438],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008274714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002768159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002646411248055708,"score_gpt":0.1770980857379245,"score_spread":0.1744516744898688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}