{"id":"W2975576153","doi":"10.5539/jmr.v11n5p71","title":"Mathematical Modeling: Issues and Challenges in Mathematics Education and Teaching","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mathematics Research","topic":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Mathematical practice; Mathematical sciences; Mathematics; Psychology; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01632496,0.0001321392,0.0004122395,0.0006800996,0.000212712,0.0002154025,0.0003686043,0.0001485218,0.0001932271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003262474,0.0001104385,0.0000496102,0.0001146321,0.0001695081,0.0003273432,0.0001208415,0.0008336249,0.0000378974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001244553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003516007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006947442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003617676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972203,0.0004996852,0.0007199332,0.0001676389,0.001063007,0.0003293923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976362,0.001262054,0.0002580347,0.0002740308,0.000376305,0.0001933911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002989595,0.0009397032,0.0001662336,0.001095286,0.00001367823,0.000001650218,0.08307722,0.000002354049,0.00006721876,0.905457,0.0002085765,0.008968127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001872135,0.0001081684,0.00002736304,0.001295631,0.00001143458,0.00007436797,0.09450521,0.01031988,0.00002537258,0.8877859,0.005520474,0.0001389959],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7813381,0.007213378,0.003874159,0.01383417,0.0001741272,0.001085081,8.411996e-7,0.00006268249,0.1924174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8200623,0.007820629,0.1690207,0.00001846813,0.0001872865,0.00001721064,3.011437e-7,0.00003389869,0.002839208],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1895782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5657938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3067564163635134,"score_gpt":0.5138600258407499,"score_spread":0.2071036094772364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}