{"id":"W2978173712","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.12","title":"Models, structure, and generality in Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nautical Research Society","funders":"","keywords":"Electromagnetism; Maxwell's equations; Maxwell relations; Electromagnetic tensor; Analogy; Generality; Faraday cage; Theoretical physics; Unification; Classical physics; Physics; Classical electromagnetism; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Epistemology; Electromagnetic field; Philosophy; Computer science; Inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation; Quantum mechanics; Magnetic field; Optical field","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009860587,0.0002696539,0.0004026131,0.0001168976,0.0001621491,0.0000211071,0.0004423943,0.0001711038,0.00005388731],"category_scores_gemma":[7.325092e-7,0.0003194143,0.0000882322,0.000005557187,0.0002721826,0.0001301479,0.0002632743,0.0003811544,9.057005e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001111276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003474436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009401415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001051618,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990073,0.00007847204,0.0001864369,0.0003632523,0.0001250839,0.0002394478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991027,0.00002872866,0.0003078289,0.0004421185,0.00003777416,0.00008092095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001222416,0.00002122258,0.0001929933,0.00005745248,0.0001526961,0.000009905215,0.0003721084,0.00003821904,0.00002250482,0.9541795,0.002305876,0.04252531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006764505,0.00002923383,0.0001646721,0.00007132843,0.00006815169,5.218887e-7,0.000023212,0.00002614491,0.0001662973,0.05525661,0.9432139,0.0003034626],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002695346,0.00008202023,0.00254573,0.000001194406,0.00009338035,0.0002432966,0.0003040363,0.00001279866,0.9940222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02531383,0.00001560303,0.002021018,0.000005653458,0.0000721023,9.901132e-7,0.0001766401,0.00002290842,0.9723713],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.940908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01579165545987938,"score_gpt":0.1905128064831327,"score_spread":0.1747211510232533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}