{"id":"W2978593131","doi":"10.1111/anti.12579","title":"Smuggling, Trafficking, and Extortion: New Conceptual and Policy Challenges on the Libyan Route to Europe","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Antipode","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Extortion; Argument (complex analysis); Criminology; Human trafficking; Irregular migration; Humanity; Organised crime; Crimes against humanity; Political science; Refugee; Seekers; Sociology; Law; Ethnology; War crime","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002717336,0.00008338725,0.00009224206,0.00004646391,0.0002565099,0.0001053711,0.00010043,0.00005355325,0.00009853859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001839725,0.00005819125,0.00001855956,0.0001301878,0.0001076531,0.0001655875,0.00001820329,0.00007631308,0.00007737112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001734338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001182816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001377714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008151961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992443,0.0001110993,0.0001086949,0.0001929889,0.0001822828,0.0001606266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996091,0.00007528951,0.00004603113,0.000120642,0.00004924023,0.00009975967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001473699,0.0000166801,0.002227804,0.000003549291,0.000008975809,4.507656e-7,0.117942,0.000007164069,0.0002389873,0.8318542,0.003551184,0.04413431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001879152,0.00023303,0.02444198,0.00004626445,0.00000758826,0.000001036326,0.009772411,0.00007726833,0.0002922685,0.0008217709,0.9639731,0.0001453635],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534021,0.0009801387,0.00003499834,0.0134957,0.0001531782,0.0002322096,0.00000233238,0.00004752091,0.03165183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986701,0.003591066,0.0000406429,0.001201269,0.0006950413,0.000002675573,0.000002492108,0.000008171922,0.007757613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9604219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4548986,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04052492913097982,"score_gpt":0.3074475779916591,"score_spread":0.2669226488606793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}