{"id":"W2979795649","doi":"10.1109/qrs-c.2019.00088","title":"10 Years of IoT Malware: A Feature-Based Taxonomy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Malware; Computer science; Botnet; Salient; Computer security; Firmware; Honeypot; Internet of Things; Cryptovirology; Malware analysis; Feature (linguistics); Reuse; The Internet; World Wide Web; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000975055,0.00008192093,0.0001313666,0.0001224107,0.00001330382,0.00002250071,0.0005209538,0.00006002437,0.0007940293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002370497,0.00008218809,0.0000621021,0.000321612,0.00002309641,0.0001558153,0.0001164879,0.00008841133,0.0003976106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003542429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005223991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001231989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002570156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992943,0.0000197361,0.0001202222,0.0002564917,0.000164407,0.0001448067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911,0.00006499068,0.00008415562,0.0006273671,0.00007200125,0.00004149295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001025053,0.0002247872,0.001440475,0.0001199156,0.00003786316,0.00002336227,0.00006432535,0.001193532,0.02670247,0.05651497,0.04296499,0.8706108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004970335,0.0004716828,0.001368464,0.00002694331,0.000002749925,0.000007882029,0.000006062824,0.01334541,0.3584699,0.001235545,0.6242788,0.0002894775],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.003358192,0.00002445897,0.9810007,0.0001873781,0.0001080122,0.0003301775,0.000001430846,0.0005882705,0.01440138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3632882,9.138225e-7,0.6235758,0.000299502,0.00001444877,0.00004595661,7.79845e-7,0.000009340562,0.01276501],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8703213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8694064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01087823198293754,"score_gpt":0.2215860827599632,"score_spread":0.2107078507770257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}