{"id":"W2980297889","doi":"10.1558/isla.35620","title":"What absolute beginners learn from input","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Instructed Second Language Acquisition","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Generative grammar; Second-language acquisition; Contrast (vision); Language acquisition; Cognition; Absolute (philosophy); Cognitive science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006895146,0.0005083552,0.0005016369,0.0004547097,0.0003618425,0.00303767,0.0006760097,0.000716904,0.01309095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004223606,0.0002912142,0.0002739538,0.0002478836,0.0007368076,0.003782892,0.00109935,0.001095468,0.006045347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002393393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004082569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007870444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001491741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996232,0.00006114945,0.00002768303,0.0001230391,0.0001037041,0.00006132623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986356,0.0004567138,0.0001827225,0.0002225389,0.000206485,0.000295942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009499538,0.0021126,0.2116839,0.001277113,0.00009556406,0.003407562,0.05180454,0.0008566851,0.1841916,0.01012693,0.007044558,0.526449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001766361,0.008233087,0.6145411,0.001460879,0.0002872586,0.008930525,0.07238742,0.00422962,0.1574136,0.04011258,0.0918972,0.0003300762],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808179,0.0004690083,0.001605291,0.0002986737,0.00003669413,0.0000224938,0.0001286358,0.000116753,0.01650445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9773588,0.0008534512,0.002874199,0.0002470998,0.0000185059,0.00002918943,0.0004147583,0.00007488253,0.01812914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01309095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04379356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01219789025790095,"score_gpt":0.232462998683638,"score_spread":0.2202651084257371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}