{"id":"W2981149307","doi":"10.1111/imig.12645","title":"The Impermanence of Permanence: The Rise of Probationary Immigration in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Migration","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Immigration; Refugee; Residence; Immigration policy; Demographic economics; Context (archaeology); Settlement (finance); Politics; Political science; Development economics; Sociology; Economics; Geography; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005098614,0.00005345759,0.00006604877,0.00004463034,0.0001048557,0.00002308154,0.0003307481,0.00003022267,0.0001266764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000135781,0.00003550228,0.00002963225,0.0002267862,0.00009893459,0.0002052549,0.00001680205,0.00007735405,0.000005582765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002606876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009379348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7013834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9937937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987817,0.0001322569,0.0003279596,0.00009378629,0.0005711473,0.0000931736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990411,0.0002590174,0.0002340744,0.0001244065,0.0003243216,0.00001704331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009418638,0.00007172811,0.5983924,0.00001865267,0.00003478685,9.232148e-7,0.03872921,0.009062179,0.005942581,0.3348361,0.003375076,0.009442276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005548802,0.00005858637,0.58305,0.0001007114,0.00001355874,0.000002372451,0.05034445,0.2218578,0.001769665,0.003700135,0.1382987,0.0002492095],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874855,0.0001073526,0.00007466383,0.008444647,0.0004627765,0.0003076363,0.00001901754,0.000004516807,0.003093856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979818,0.0003966345,0.00002898179,0.00006756296,0.00004558415,0.00001874043,0.0000239297,0.000002995891,0.001433789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3311359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3006051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004455009027602888,"score_gpt":0.2479790817605212,"score_spread":0.2435240727329183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}