{"id":"W2981988076","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.100.082002","title":"Cosmic ray spectrum and composition from PeV to EeV using 3 years of data from IceTop and IceCube","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. D/Physical review. D.","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Snolab","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Polar Programs; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics; Helmholtz Association; Chiba University; RWTH Aachen University; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Villum Fonden; National Research Foundation of Korea; Marsden Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Oxford; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Marquette University; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Australian Research Council; Western Canada Research Grid; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Polarforskningssekretariatet; University of Maryland; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; Compute Canada; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; National Research Foundation; Michigan State University; Carlsbergfondet","keywords":"Cosmic ray; Physics; Muon; Neutrino; Astrophysics; Observatory; Range (aeronautics); Detector; Spectral line; COSMIC cancer database; Astronomy; Nuclear physics; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001750168,0.0004604882,0.001673389,0.00003420193,0.00007207564,0.00005723411,0.0006486439,0.0000235124,0.00008406024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001825947,0.0004284608,0.000263722,0.0003681229,0.000114419,0.0004363342,0.0007861186,0.0003697586,0.0003195353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003831361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006555278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005118866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001311585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972745,0.0001838254,0.0005942281,0.001038415,0.0004706187,0.0004384326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975055,0.0003520131,0.0004114266,0.001321216,0.00007183704,0.0003380082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001727668,0.002949806,0.02608711,0.004560763,0.001224572,0.000009422119,0.0006106821,0.00007349024,0.5776989,0.04595157,0.004143619,0.3365173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005458477,0.001460155,0.08551586,0.05693524,0.007488535,0.000003883263,0.0002682125,0.05919757,0.01637173,0.7128263,0.0488252,0.005648823],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828213,0.0128434,0.0009019134,0.0003901854,0.00008036398,0.001127697,0.001138821,0.00002327741,0.0006730483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909315,0.00516638,0.001111205,0.001143361,0.0008713435,0.00003112658,0.0006786237,0.00005708423,0.00000934606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6668748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02211709671623605,"score_gpt":0.3795306766988015,"score_spread":0.3574135799825655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}