{"id":"W2982140192","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2019-0121","title":"Analysis of stand density effects on the stem form of Norway spruce trees and volume miscalculation by traditional form factor equations using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Picea abies; Diameter at breast height; Volume (thermodynamics); Thinning; Forestry; Competition (biology); Forest inventory; Carbon stock; Environmental science; Stock (firearms); Mathematics; Tree (set theory); Statistics; Atmospheric sciences; Botany; Ecology; Forest management; Biology; Geography; Geology; Physics; Climate change","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001727292,0.0004158772,0.0002863065,0.0007113066,0.0001396703,0.000281772,0.0003612307,0.0001837949,0.0004408205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00360267,0.0001906588,0.0005633864,0.0005688448,0.0003536811,0.0003710284,0.0003344016,0.0001998996,0.0001183483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004061352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002281488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005576693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008730805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990306,0.0003089374,0.00005439643,0.0002655533,0.0002942279,0.00004622261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952485,0.003384856,0.0007036182,0.0002969036,0.000308456,0.00005767575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004343949,0.0002600397,0.789431,0.0001842824,0.0002868249,0.0003144928,0.000515734,0.03632851,0.09265354,0.0004882273,0.0001907498,0.07891223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008517079,0.0004273741,0.9141001,0.000007810047,0.00007194689,0.0002183325,0.00007934374,0.07023875,0.01425149,0.0001919819,0.0003733063,0.00003102047],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894308,0.0001572071,0.009861506,0.000004588311,0.000003159575,0.0000195724,0.0001784047,0.00003790581,0.0003067337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920462,0.00006080099,0.00730149,0.00000688979,0.000003472184,0.00002417104,0.0003651784,0.00002180587,0.0001700073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005576693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01108849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05360941785594535,"score_gpt":0.2851532667958578,"score_spread":0.2315438489399124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}