{"id":"W2982688826","doi":"","title":"Policy Forum: Taxing Non-Residents' Residences — A Critical View of the Laws Behind the New Realty Taxes in British Columbia and Ontario","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Speculation; Legislation; Legislature; Statute; Tax reform; Tax avoidance; Ad valorem tax; Value-added tax; Economics; Indirect tax; Tax policy; Direct tax; Tax law; Tax credit; Public economics; Political science; Law; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005070827,0.0004593017,0.0003773682,0.002070731,0.04313636,0.01589356,0.003446907,0.007510861,0.004669905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01065007,0.000637638,0.0003827461,0.003354399,0.01349845,0.003827028,0.002172397,0.008227471,0.0003182243],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.226809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2981383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9961515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9978297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949132,0.0008389677,0.000133993,0.000316958,0.001871165,0.001925567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9888831,0.004508663,0.0004453303,0.0002307875,0.004292919,0.001639292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008812035,0.00009648544,0.009656112,0.0005765653,0.0000248041,0.001998166,0.0929575,0.001120756,0.0009828439,0.3076365,0.5292153,0.0556469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001510259,0.00001546379,0.0117385,0.0004469984,0.00002716507,0.00009717848,0.05164089,0.0003568686,0.0002453036,0.005111666,0.9302111,0.00009382812],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.04799188,0.0310348,0.0009256912,0.6555267,0.004249036,0.0002376477,0.000429137,0.00007406811,0.2595311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5305703,0.03735665,0.001553562,0.1349816,0.001491811,0.0002072552,0.0002779757,0.0001456729,0.2934152],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.226809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.896792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01192814966373691,"score_gpt":0.2969912047455031,"score_spread":0.2850630550817662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}