{"id":"W2984580696","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2019.1673145","title":"From Pioneers to Practitioners: A Short History of Severe Thunderstorm Research and Forecasting in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thunderstorm; Meteorology; Radar; Work (physics); History; Climatology; Geography; Operations research; Computer science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003480351,0.00008037026,0.0001735684,0.00001197546,0.00004301589,0.00001065696,0.0001236157,0.00004265748,0.002927385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001093664,0.00007028161,0.00001551181,0.0001958867,0.00004873391,0.0001558178,0.00001901182,0.0001749552,0.0000222288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001859601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004812545,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9000737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8930429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988579,0.00008369085,0.0002208782,0.0002461128,0.0003381162,0.0002532959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988322,0.0007692889,0.00003918626,0.0001587261,0.00005384452,0.0001467281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005955041,0.000009165367,0.9580521,0.00000967966,0.000009870493,0.000007060631,0.0007258662,0.03495146,0.00001637223,0.00005738822,0.003186231,0.002915255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003204805,0.0002464347,0.9586037,0.00003230188,0.000004688402,0.00000212113,0.005661402,0.0250594,0.000003058726,0.002564635,0.007313641,0.00018811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9696567,0.0002812445,0.000007399371,0.0001721181,0.0002002353,0.0002079778,0.00002800016,0.000006715214,0.0294396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979365,0.000006591518,0.0009363755,0.0001865489,0.00003399251,3.491767e-7,0.00004018293,0.000003183812,0.000856258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02858335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06449482177554276,"score_gpt":0.2465939036410655,"score_spread":0.1820990818655228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}