{"id":"W2984992821","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab54f3","title":"Defining frigid winter illuminates its loss across seasonally snow-covered areas of eastern North America","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Research Letters","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"Lintilhac Foundation; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; Davis Conservation Foundation","keywords":"Snow; Snow cover; Period (music); Ecosystem; Climatology; Physical geography; Cold winter; Environmental science; Geography; Ecology; Meteorology; Biology; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000247538,0.0001514067,0.0002008711,0.00003023235,0.0002288213,0.00004960951,0.0003484682,0.00003401259,0.00552513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006122829,0.000131903,0.00009148102,0.0002155361,0.0004303906,0.0002309217,0.000127298,0.0002583007,0.003185693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003073575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001614005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004116239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004879492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978856,0.00009934298,0.000218332,0.000357472,0.0008084961,0.0006307287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991054,0.000421763,0.00007705815,0.0002484516,0.00001365047,0.0001336883],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006393776,0.00003254879,0.98592,0.00001656415,0.00004400223,0.00001900474,0.0009454869,0.001313513,0.0004339912,0.000001748718,0.0009186399,0.01029054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002891156,0.0001468016,0.9794072,0.00002998804,0.000003876026,0.000002374934,0.002145679,0.001266813,0.0001812279,0.000004905323,0.01637545,0.0001465526],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967597,0.0007325596,0.00001962831,0.0009365481,0.0001196424,0.0002387585,0.0004334378,0.00001109864,0.0007485923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997417,0.0002034094,0.0001472864,0.0006834491,0.00004711997,0.000003893402,0.0002638692,0.000008454464,0.001225463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01545681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01983308185255644,"score_gpt":0.2557383426626149,"score_spread":0.2359052608100585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}