{"id":"W2986349959","doi":"10.5539/elt.v12n12p67","title":"Language Testing in China: Past and Future","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Educational Technology and Assessment","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","keywords":"Professionalization; China; Psychology; Test (biology); Language assessment; Mainland China; Social science; Pedagogy; Sociology; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004659443,0.00009840084,0.00010834,0.0001196611,0.00006838009,0.00007408277,0.0003529582,0.00006773533,0.00001632128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000141754,0.00009000432,0.00001545138,0.0001879142,0.00001314576,0.0003535506,0.0001782689,0.0005302008,0.00001096738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003298016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002348539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007297286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001334608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999239,0.00007119408,0.000115653,0.0002724041,0.0001078894,0.0001939062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994804,0.0001211332,0.00004623117,0.0003087993,0.00000941822,0.00003402164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002107845,0.0001500337,0.2240901,0.00005333856,0.00001460734,0.0001080278,0.3632175,0.00003191265,0.004835502,0.1322718,0.0001988938,0.2750262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002355125,0.0002679165,0.6606044,0.0004206102,0.00001454947,0.0001458104,0.3085131,0.01076001,0.002329532,0.003082735,0.01005324,0.001452921],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9816669,0.0005457728,0.0008383272,0.0008104687,0.0004523114,0.00009946311,8.4666e-7,0.0002734658,0.0153125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9673113,0.000002045363,0.03180965,0.0001353188,0.0004676902,0.000007402189,0.000003489787,0.000007194419,0.00025592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4365143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.367027,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004581191385425803,"score_gpt":0.2501977951349193,"score_spread":0.2456166037494935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}