{"id":"W2987102866","doi":"10.1111/jssr.12625","title":"Bringing the State Back in Secularization: The Development of <i>Laïcité</i> in the French Third Republic (1875–1905)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion","topic":"Religion and Society Interactions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Secularization; Agency (philosophy); Secularity; Ideology; State (computer science); Grassroots; Political science; Sociology; Centralized government; Political economy; Law; Social science; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01122226,0.00009876285,0.0001641316,0.0001265389,0.001812115,0.0004636806,0.001023324,0.00004294769,0.00002530189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004139704,0.00004403483,0.0001616245,0.001348629,0.0002410556,0.0001948531,0.00006566507,0.0003937227,0.00001237209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001116503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003346427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001671595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008708673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997264,0.0005615487,0.0006824831,0.0001895458,0.0010162,0.0002861897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978421,0.0009342274,0.0004757865,0.0003962105,0.0003203844,0.00003130734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003415261,0.0005074922,0.01462416,0.00002151345,0.0001115607,0.000001102902,0.9304104,0.003897058,0.0005237847,0.004780667,0.04278212,0.002306026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001750955,0.0002015741,0.03874282,0.0002625897,0.00006132619,0.00001772814,0.5205349,0.00170538,0.0004495646,0.008573384,0.4274448,0.0002549617],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876173,0.0002840138,0.0003765503,0.004602521,0.002179685,0.001340998,0.000001468785,0.000005630631,0.003591866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954104,0.0001565985,0.00008349813,0.0001598022,0.00005045539,0.00002629383,9.393002e-7,0.000006197139,0.004105747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4098755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994874,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03027637955055144,"score_gpt":0.3272918876377159,"score_spread":0.2970155080871645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}