{"id":"W2988562872","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201936648","title":"Unsupervised star, galaxy, QSO classification","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Harvard University; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; York University; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Arizona; Office of Science; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Università degli Studi di Padova; Yale University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ohio State University; New Mexico State University; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Hyperparameter; Cluster analysis; Pattern recognition (psychology); Random forest; QSOS; Selection (genetic algorithm); Class (philosophy); Supervised learning; Unsupervised learning","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001211944,0.0006686074,0.0006399954,0.002634975,0.0007168477,0.001027076,0.001184462,0.0006057217,0.00192299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003343562,0.0001637753,0.000952708,0.001300714,0.0004075009,0.0006447463,0.000851203,0.0004771026,0.002250341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008078245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009733485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009434151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02685811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988974,0.0001655395,0.00005922098,0.000349588,0.0004067678,0.0001214119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981222,0.0003451401,0.0002582431,0.0004544349,0.0006827222,0.0001373679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005145527,0.0004942184,0.3392432,0.000619282,0.0004256011,0.0003304708,0.0004493165,0.04917406,0.05014594,0.005894444,0.04951438,0.5031946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007683449,0.0002310576,0.4269178,0.0001017919,0.0002323081,0.0006726144,0.0004487984,0.4549169,0.04463857,0.01477577,0.05686982,0.0001177506],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5520291,0.00237206,0.3862755,0.0008777107,0.0002946811,0.0007036818,0.02218936,0.01551175,0.01974617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7776537,0.000370455,0.1822276,0.0003196145,0.0001520199,0.0001951625,0.03006698,0.0004968505,0.008517611],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009434151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01875848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01120585121782268,"score_gpt":0.2059010663482192,"score_spread":0.1946952151303966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}