{"id":"W2989381225","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab210","title":"Evidence of a population of dark subhaloes from <i>Gaia</i> and Pan-STARRS observations of the GD-1 stream","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"High Performance Research Computing, Texas A and M University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap; Texas AgriLife Research","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Dark matter; Milky Way; Baryon; Cold dark matter; Globular cluster; Population; Baryonic dark matter; Dark matter halo; Stars; Halo; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001220878,0.0001793673,0.0002458434,0.0008413887,0.0002848298,0.0007790638,0.0002809118,0.0001762378,0.001325505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005242524,0.000138594,0.0001282588,0.0003874521,0.0004464477,0.000279129,0.0007214497,0.0002036682,0.0003066881],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003628928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000170504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00931622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01412646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998964,0.00000803848,0.000006540045,0.00003370293,0.00002395311,0.00003134752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997129,0.00002919419,0.0001118345,0.00003123167,0.00004368796,0.00007112746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001165035,0.00001453155,0.9744031,0.000012147,0.00002358664,0.0001315443,0.0003162085,0.00006307757,0.02008799,0.000259844,0.0001806438,0.004390854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004245379,0.00001111132,0.998206,0.000003242182,0.000009937941,0.0001320786,0.0001522502,0.000197485,0.0007774209,0.00004983355,0.0004544457,0.000001973071],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990178,0.00002765661,0.00004951551,0.00001783019,0.000001398524,0.000002050762,0.0001280532,0.000004537331,0.000751142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992384,0.00003087541,0.00007535405,0.00002044706,0.000003759949,0.000002413207,0.0004117927,0.000005675692,0.0002111376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00931622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01852393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02007645743130233,"score_gpt":0.2181607651552439,"score_spread":0.1980843077239416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}