{"id":"W2989885732","doi":"10.3390/physics2010002","title":"QED Response of the Vacuum","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics","topic":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital, Gobierno de España; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","keywords":"Physics; Vacuum polarization; Electromagnetic field; QED vacuum; Displacement current; Quantum electrodynamics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Electric field; Maxwell's equations; Vacuum energy; Permittivity; Electric displacement field; Fine-structure constant; Magnetization; Magnetic field; Vacuum state; Condensed matter physics; Quantum mechanics; Dielectric; Electron","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006632624,0.00007556735,0.0001058592,0.000003253582,0.00004548812,0.000008998461,0.0001677345,0.00001009527,0.00003802013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005206464,0.00005340461,0.0001271648,0.000171073,0.00002941984,0.00002972222,0.00005217639,0.00009973644,0.00001961501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005021098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004385014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001017293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.122593e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995154,0.0000744988,0.00009020291,0.0001025284,0.00009958664,0.0001177705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996294,0.00006839106,0.00006525157,0.0001766408,0.00002533273,0.00003492247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000685983,0.0002753706,0.03340296,0.00005161134,0.0002148652,0.000001612008,0.001605876,0.0006322172,0.5502322,0.3937061,0.004816541,0.01437459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002305133,0.000719458,0.05558421,0.00005754603,0.0002002239,8.696431e-7,0.0003232752,0.09824961,0.683448,0.1476863,0.01065071,0.0007746146],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920242,0.00001045992,0.004929417,0.001082921,0.00005513745,0.0001042951,0.00002482566,0.00001195154,0.001756779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999505,2.577351e-7,0.00002697221,0.000177516,0.0001982311,0.00000564645,0.000003314302,0.0000112897,0.00007170514],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2460198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2177777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008661439239957061,"score_gpt":0.2195239515674675,"score_spread":0.2108625123275105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}