{"id":"W2990298940","doi":"10.1007/s42773-021-00115-0","title":"Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biochar","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Raw material; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Carbon sequestration; Particle size; Aeration; Leaching (pedology); Agronomy; Chemistry; Waste management; Pyrolysis; Nitrogen; Soil science; Biology; Engineering; Soil water","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006560097,0.001841512,0.007837658,0.004339027,0.0002648573,0.002306157,0.001626596,0.001069934,0.002997489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01243666,0.0007225688,0.01743484,0.005554996,0.0004316189,0.0009425912,0.0008855565,0.001022561,0.0003179216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001378107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002803071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004199158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008249718,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975892,0.0009996885,0.0006622514,0.0003775807,0.0002797957,0.00009137017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9879277,0.009476306,0.001347548,0.000317796,0.0007799666,0.0001506772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001644021,0.0000920732,0.005255543,0.5837764,0.3174741,0.0001884959,0.0001425037,0.001072805,0.001733566,0.0003619854,0.001594065,0.08666444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003278392,0.0006692513,0.01422462,0.05734604,0.9071432,0.0002641988,0.0001193958,0.0003156481,0.001086246,0.0006684348,0.01776944,0.00006574158],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001996204,0.9967457,0.000438877,0.0001607794,0.00004851902,0.00004954533,0.0003681793,0.00001359995,0.0001785784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04107166,0.9556228,0.001638966,0.0005053667,0.00009419023,0.0001922555,0.000685142,0.00002441337,0.0001652608],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007837658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03469354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07485131453653643,"score_gpt":0.3305042111171249,"score_spread":0.2556528965805885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}