{"id":"W2992101516","doi":"10.29173/alr2582","title":"Financing Disputes: Third-Party Funding in Litigation and Arbitration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Law Review","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"BP (Canada); Toronto Public Health","funders":"","keywords":"Sophistication; Expropriation; Arbitration; Finance; Business; Third party; State (computer science); Order (exchange); Transaction cost; Economics; Law; Political science; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002936252,0.0001109321,0.0001753692,0.00005311937,0.00006191256,0.0001352075,0.00007874255,0.00003199993,0.0003235392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008668379,0.00009692754,0.00004103146,0.0001923394,0.00002215975,0.001550136,0.00003789103,0.00008387989,0.0006717981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002627874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000101465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002166788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002458918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991957,0.00001181494,0.0003026227,0.0002041732,0.0001436794,0.0001420252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996159,0.00006184711,0.000145006,0.0001168547,0.00005141995,0.000008982782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002137919,0.00001546931,0.004485574,0.0009143594,0.000004036535,5.030478e-7,0.00001353826,0.000002669281,0.0001227168,0.9936041,0.0006429109,0.0001920321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004551128,0.00001222682,0.006330931,0.004594749,0.00003588731,0.000003057962,0.0000129275,0.005766199,0.00008377872,0.01226063,0.9701579,0.0002866354],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1284351,0.003582069,0.00003036254,0.005450728,0.0003408558,0.0007987536,5.667964e-7,0.00003648876,0.861325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8810245,0.001094342,0.00008023647,0.1166115,0.0002056998,0.00003957173,0.00008946843,0.00001350505,0.0008412019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9813434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.863483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01682559672554437,"score_gpt":0.2395680241790935,"score_spread":0.2227424274535491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}