{"id":"W2992763742","doi":"10.1177/0019793919894240","title":"Global Purchasing as Labor Regulation: The Missing Middle","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review","topic":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Microdata (statistics); Purchasing; Business; Supply chain; Reputation; Incentive; Flexibility (engineering); Audit; Order (exchange); Labour economics; Industrial organization; Economics; Marketing; Microeconomics; Census; Accounting; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006415035,0.0001719473,0.0002819349,0.00003941938,0.0004847418,0.0003642482,0.0001626165,0.0001434901,0.0008693977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009395287,0.0001216024,0.0001009342,0.001291623,0.0000928818,0.0007801538,0.00007883772,0.0002036277,0.0003217754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009186551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001215205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007117841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002709298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988063,0.00006705871,0.0003755654,0.0002409619,0.0002541066,0.0002559895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999174,0.0000805352,0.0002179971,0.000263111,0.0002355539,0.00002883238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006506996,0.0001463326,0.3138316,0.001621798,0.0001290224,0.000008148983,0.0003291814,0.0001345269,0.000005601162,0.5252082,0.02531798,0.1332026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006945959,0.00001622353,0.05013504,0.001568557,0.0002887705,0.000005577199,0.0008618266,0.000141255,4.21531e-7,0.02779051,0.9182315,0.0002657376],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7156608,0.05673085,0.0000188062,0.1040601,0.001477503,0.002805279,0.00004827226,0.0002099113,0.1189886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875365,0.0009386015,0.00002982547,0.007019619,0.001914949,0.00001568722,0.00005314063,0.00001778199,0.00247386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8929135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9519295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05057407603878373,"score_gpt":0.2878920040095624,"score_spread":0.2373179279707787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}