{"id":"W2994188556","doi":"10.3386/w14276","title":"Affirmative Action in Law School Admissions: What Do Racial Preferences Do?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Affirmative action; Law; Action (physics); Political science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02007745,0.0002351815,0.000581819,0.001716951,0.006761475,0.00826983,0.001273133,0.004446883,0.01441012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07736894,0.0002800619,0.0006034669,0.002785087,0.007896716,0.00706785,0.005253299,0.006324898,0.001361109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006502874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008398205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0277619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04899934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.982093,0.009924733,0.0004553506,0.0008717268,0.003411611,0.003243694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9622306,0.01811157,0.007505148,0.001092569,0.003436078,0.007624082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008373706,0.002250077,0.315131,0.000260029,0.0001498506,0.0004017196,0.03036349,0.001264044,0.0003830707,0.4214391,0.05005408,0.1774662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002480765,0.000446997,0.4091524,0.0008000162,0.0001413016,0.0001939487,0.04508584,0.001571335,0.0007382052,0.4820355,0.05947027,0.0001161391],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5006937,0.006704297,0.00219496,0.3142413,0.000796731,0.0001181449,0.0005066572,0.00002214184,0.1747221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841886,0.0013142,0.0002464476,0.009358063,0.0007495731,0.00008535387,0.00008823191,0.0000091267,0.003960419],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0277619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.106181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5118614761099449,"score_gpt":0.4935828268371136,"score_spread":0.01827864927283129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}