{"id":"W2994205332","doi":"10.1002/bewi.201900009","title":"Convergence in Cold War Physics: Coinventing the Maser in the Postwar Soviet Union","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Soviet union; Maser; Cold war; Convergence (economics); Conceptualization; Heuristics; World War II; Period (music); Iron Curtain; History; Political science; Theoretical physics; Physics; Economic history; Astrophysics; Law; Aesthetics; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01234259,0.0004303864,0.0008042936,0.00604841,0.0165578,0.01472495,0.0008719795,0.002832305,0.002218801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01257066,0.0004376195,0.000277446,0.005278046,0.05687293,0.01181485,0.011284,0.005445733,0.0002876275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01439361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006021155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008062358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005884792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9884784,0.007982037,0.0003201429,0.0006912681,0.001262092,0.001266052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941708,0.003895949,0.0005747745,0.0004697561,0.0006031466,0.0002854521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006334983,0.00002117409,0.0008001669,0.00004139444,0.000007012231,0.0002148236,0.2181645,0.00009498334,0.000202348,0.7709349,0.0007277621,0.008727516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007700149,0.000235323,0.009174481,0.001063772,0.00003850076,0.0007469225,0.280054,0.000822831,0.002599997,0.4812495,0.223861,0.00007655885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5947226,0.02410699,0.006859918,0.02257501,0.0007958345,0.00004288571,0.00002918366,0.00007706225,0.3507905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946716,0.001454337,0.0004035418,0.0003620801,0.0001199228,0.000015691,0.000006493022,0.00001937268,0.002946906],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9834422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1044335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01749470323683137,"score_gpt":0.2087674043394435,"score_spread":0.1912727011026121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}