{"id":"W2994825327","doi":"10.5539/elt.v13n1p89","title":"Semantic Categories of Reporting Verbs across Four Disciplines in Research Articles","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Linguistics; Modal verb; Psychology; Corpus linguistics; Concordance; Computer science; Raising (metalworking); Applied linguistics; Discipline; Natural language processing; Verb; Artificial intelligence; Sociology; History; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004728835,0.0001687667,0.0004592885,0.000246882,0.0003500499,0.0002326811,0.0003000948,0.00004233215,0.0004893226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004197211,0.0001364037,0.0001260636,0.0001500819,0.00031893,0.0004668511,0.000336601,0.0006172386,0.00003570921],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005058644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002660744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004121252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01855563,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974102,0.000274526,0.0008988169,0.0003446338,0.000525862,0.000546012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984346,0.0004167374,0.0004492662,0.000492402,0.0001678829,0.0000390991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000121294,0.00007925529,0.04219769,0.0001465061,0.00006777016,0.00009145367,0.9315803,0.00005796513,0.0009750712,0.0215556,0.0001225259,0.003113699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027812,0.00004101204,0.0016943,0.0002414481,0.00002100277,0.000001899222,0.9948119,0.0001760599,0.00101263,0.0006271963,0.0008999918,0.0001944428],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9344554,0.0009693463,0.000005843397,0.0000889711,0.0004113375,0.0001737852,0.00001038756,0.00008566105,0.06379927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940194,0.000007197192,0.000103624,0.00001695641,0.0008070702,0.00001592062,0.00001149024,0.0000317356,0.004986589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06323157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09030535920260206,"score_gpt":0.3924283698653351,"score_spread":0.3021230106627331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}