{"id":"W2995476550","doi":"10.15185/izawol.469","title":"Language proficiency and immigrants’ economic integration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IZA World of Labor","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Immigration; Linguistics; Sociology; Psychology; Demographic economics; Political science; Economics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001029622,0.0003803723,0.0003751096,0.00115072,0.001159174,0.002540498,0.0002702482,0.0004475696,0.006508415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0046658,0.0001283004,0.0002999007,0.001040429,0.001035518,0.001165232,0.001909159,0.0009738847,0.0008843918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003322085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005342792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01090674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01111603,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993957,0.0001676139,0.00005395553,0.00007086478,0.0001160574,0.0001958207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978667,0.0004305009,0.000745345,0.00007338269,0.0002890795,0.0005950336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001523986,0.0002280362,0.9586133,0.00004531753,0.000199301,0.000441142,0.003484864,0.000297197,0.0006509349,0.004533612,0.001142237,0.03021172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006742224,0.0001063552,0.9899299,0.00007475431,0.0000455297,0.0001521996,0.005174773,0.0003015675,0.0001957063,0.001603712,0.00238818,0.00002063884],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891528,0.0005284325,0.0002063267,0.0008551663,0.00003476626,0.000005155734,0.0001941612,0.000006052127,0.0090172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997762,0.0002647743,0.0001420999,0.00009892439,0.00002624955,0.000007490653,0.0001495259,0.000003485777,0.00154542],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01090674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0217728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006312994459248933,"score_gpt":0.2769556364852515,"score_spread":0.2706426420260026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}