{"id":"W2995476550","doi":"10.15185/izawol.469","title":"Language proficiency and immigrants’ economic integration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IZA World of Labor","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Immigration; Linguistics; Sociology; Psychology; Demographic economics; Political science; Economics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002327684,0.0000484878,0.00009022454,0.00007711735,0.00005440387,0.00002840429,0.00008603664,0.00002782317,0.0006074214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002905343,0.00004342543,0.00001895004,0.0001820868,0.00006998301,0.00013154,0.00001088048,0.00004575492,0.0000617069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002988741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007910749,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00223379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09631494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995276,0.00004457737,0.0001262221,0.0001078363,0.00009064062,0.0001031441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997234,0.00004033011,0.00006843587,0.0000929548,0.00003707824,0.0000377423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002629909,0.00005349472,0.1411228,0.00002867555,0.00001237283,0.000001011226,0.09866685,0.0000369312,0.007220353,0.7366627,0.001217108,0.01495132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002985892,0.0003261298,0.4277036,0.0003071142,0.00008144018,0.000001927269,0.1939173,0.01764439,0.01299219,0.004125381,0.3385606,0.00135398],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776963,0.0001610008,0.00002724058,0.00107571,0.0001880039,0.0001823002,0.00002253454,0.00002707339,0.02061981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824795,0.00006784237,0.0002086794,0.0001424032,0.00004526172,0.000003149059,0.000005976266,0.000004435895,0.01704281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7325374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.920175,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006312994459248933,"score_gpt":0.2769556364852515,"score_spread":0.2706426420260026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}