{"id":"W2995494989","doi":"10.1115/icef2019-7200","title":"Air Fuel Dilution in a Pilot Ignited Direct Injection Natural Gas Engine: Pollutants, Performance, and System Level Considerations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Natural gas; Exhaust gas recirculation; Environmental science; Dilution; Combustion; NOx; Thermal efficiency; Gas engine; Particulates; Exhaust gas; Waste management; Automotive engineering; Chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006943858,0.0005077109,0.0008094878,0.0002991733,0.0004329539,0.0006992735,0.0008765658,0.000451707,0.0008429768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009502124,0.000250435,0.0004026007,0.0002221258,0.0003582824,0.0006093779,0.0003551676,0.0003366575,0.0001957012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009365304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003232038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003986662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005023466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994974,0.0001341814,0.00003555961,0.00006699539,0.0002118308,0.00005408641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994959,0.000217253,0.00005684379,0.00002602905,0.0001779121,0.00002611297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004147892,0.0005846301,0.01038995,0.00038788,0.00005297126,0.0003989174,0.0001013744,0.01229102,0.9545992,0.00009138779,0.00009179081,0.01686307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008351608,0.004926681,0.007765962,0.000007061776,0.00006476003,0.0001220462,0.00005724555,0.019778,0.9666995,0.00003482577,0.0004410409,0.00001936901],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973219,0.0001722373,0.001683406,0.00003111344,0.000008444458,0.00006049789,0.0000324709,0.00006485748,0.0006250974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984969,0.00006088828,0.0010076,0.000009935918,0.000003299871,0.0000115056,0.00003279205,0.00000721117,0.0003698633],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003986662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007926881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01390810728256008,"score_gpt":0.2116463921929081,"score_spread":0.197738284910348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}