{"id":"W2996311407","doi":"10.1186/s12862-019-1550-9","title":"3D shape analyses of extant primate and fossil hominin vertebrae support the ancestral shape hypothesis for intervertebral disc herniation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","topic":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Simon Fraser University; Canada Research Chairs; University of Liverpool; Wenner-Gren Foundation; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Homo sapiens; Bipedalism; Anatomy; Biology; Lumbar vertebrae; Thoracic vertebrae; Pathological; Hominidae; Intervertebral disc; Evolutionary biology; Extant taxon; Primate; Lumbar; Pathology; Medicine; Biological evolution; Neuroscience; Genetics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005813495,0.0005129627,0.0005268623,0.002753416,0.001087105,0.00188008,0.0006864229,0.0009252249,0.004395075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002697045,0.0005174078,0.001027931,0.002184939,0.001717607,0.0007414229,0.001194616,0.0006887144,0.001146111],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004852349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002893412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003135724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009343541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992716,0.0000886522,0.00005082902,0.0002590983,0.0002754736,0.00005428345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985167,0.0003590361,0.0004159952,0.0003342165,0.0002906953,0.0000832775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005511925,0.00007498251,0.7140466,0.0007116355,0.0008695661,0.000831557,0.004023838,0.008030419,0.118592,0.002419287,0.001818162,0.1480308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001041011,0.00006773292,0.9773338,0.0000579257,0.0001033447,0.002234596,0.0008430853,0.00910024,0.003423365,0.002430523,0.00434261,0.00005230622],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.968953,0.001187995,0.02170745,0.0001181205,0.00003599112,0.00002872781,0.00167444,0.000397923,0.005896296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872881,0.0002233202,0.0109807,0.00003561654,0.00001504267,0.00001266535,0.001119584,0.00007564531,0.0002493565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004395075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01470298,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1245569503840551,"score_gpt":0.3605659920889805,"score_spread":0.2360090417049255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}