{"id":"W2998101856","doi":"10.3390/pr8010043","title":"Numerical Comparison of a Combined Hydrothermal Carbonization and Anaerobic Digestion System with Direct Combustion of Biomass for Power Production","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island; University of Guelph","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Hydrothermal carbonization; Organic Rankine cycle; Anaerobic digestion; Bioenergy; Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Electricity generation; Waste management; Combustion; Raw material; Brayton cycle; Biogas; Process engineering; Cofiring; Sawdust; Digestate; Pulp and paper industry; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Rankine cycle; Biofuel; Methane; Engineering; Coal; Chemistry; Heat exchanger; Carbonization; Power (physics); Mechanical engineering; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003514874,0.0001214416,0.0002673178,0.00004980112,0.00002599392,0.00000924565,0.00006464903,0.00005944408,0.000002276247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000133743,0.000106338,0.00001588446,0.0004736752,0.00005304846,0.0001323237,0.000009381433,0.00003830668,3.998606e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002240361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000255918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006235214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001092358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999345,0.00001145305,0.0002426903,0.0001749502,0.0001306155,0.00009528538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994705,0.00005286941,0.0001250741,0.00006812518,0.0002348324,0.00004857586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007078924,0.0001249703,0.01212601,0.03020851,0.0001136249,4.281652e-7,0.001459286,0.006233498,0.9480576,0.0001182723,0.00007175139,0.0007781485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004367471,0.0003331402,0.0003020387,0.0002203464,0.00004766937,0.00000167277,0.0002469955,0.01143287,0.9868313,0.000005980482,0.00001898034,0.0001222249],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851708,0.001114284,0.01276716,0.0001256568,0.00005692478,0.0004224652,0.00001205851,0.0002580439,0.00007257031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993423,0.00001259973,0.0005392361,0.000003271953,0.00001699027,0.00003472201,0.00002348979,0.00002577706,0.000001577869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03877373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4336337,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009900584250943352,"score_gpt":0.2058320469120288,"score_spread":0.1959314626610854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}