{"id":"W2998127326","doi":"10.37074/jalt.2019.2.2.11","title":"The power of critical thinking in learning and teaching. An interview with Professor Stephen D. Brookfield","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Psychology; Power (physics); Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01101654,0.0001217916,0.0002908725,0.0001136962,0.001077953,0.0002087805,0.0003186438,0.00009271078,0.00006688924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001421622,0.0000831737,0.00004613067,0.00007570877,0.0001963878,0.000268486,0.00006911004,0.002819352,0.000003654716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008546466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002248389,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004217727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004728065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972181,0.001172499,0.0005051101,0.000164507,0.000624991,0.0003147905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978703,0.001494447,0.0003131111,0.0000911302,0.0001071096,0.0001238631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001453438,0.0002260495,0.04037523,0.0001049447,0.00004810215,0.000006985037,0.4204304,0.0001608231,0.0004113271,0.4641375,0.00003948015,0.0739138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001215988,0.001031107,0.01158052,0.002023674,0.00006588497,0.00003116135,0.8273289,0.0001524176,0.0000665997,0.03369066,0.1223333,0.0004797366],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9495447,0.0001897422,0.0006820978,0.00721404,0.0002500565,0.0001766918,4.66622e-8,0.00002737995,0.04191529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931425,0.00002897026,0.005812506,0.0002863157,0.00009683709,0.000003059039,3.096419e-7,0.00001710607,0.000612399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4304468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01590129927179336,"score_gpt":0.3393610615392634,"score_spread":0.32345976226747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}