{"id":"W2998405591","doi":"10.1177/1745691620906415","title":"How Do Scientific Views Change? Notes From an Extended Adversarial Collaboration","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Baycrest Hospital","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Economic and Social Research Council; Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Adversarial system; Psychology; Epistemology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004751102,0.0001776604,0.0001843872,0.0001257726,0.00190897,0.002038693,0.0009646158,0.00004596499,0.001117065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004446404,0.0001314372,0.00006364279,0.000559986,0.005975045,0.002242886,0.00006410889,0.0001968526,0.0002000294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009980243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004468721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002818098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008182565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972687,0.00008264858,0.0001431966,0.001425386,0.0007346599,0.0003453747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988376,0.00005749675,0.0001146532,0.0003762206,0.0002748643,0.0003391749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002135466,0.0006357759,0.00002638792,0.000002218693,0.000004291758,0.00001007945,0.3495611,0.000003418927,0.02277996,0.6139705,0.001043559,0.01174914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002354342,0.009364325,0.01960024,0.00007056671,0.00004827173,0.000003708964,0.2616701,0.001654436,0.001673692,0.1484485,0.5530975,0.002014391],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8329517,0.000718363,0.0002119164,0.07414819,0.005319499,0.0007225721,0.0001970209,0.000348706,0.08538206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952754,0.00001499459,0.0004172821,0.002304931,0.001793468,0.00002501336,0.000005223466,0.000005645728,0.000157998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5520539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2077867269508754,"score_gpt":0.3589048193286218,"score_spread":0.1511180923777464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}