{"id":"W2999108381","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.389666","title":"Managerial and Customer Costs of Price Adjustment: Direct Evidence from Industrial Markets","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Negotiation; Revenue; Industrial organization; Fixed cost; Variable cost; Microeconomics; Margin (machine learning); Marketing; Economics; Finance; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002228961,0.0002038964,0.0002851244,0.0002408268,0.0001756562,0.0001589136,0.0002211527,0.00009969572,0.0004135653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004625799,0.0001864855,0.00009143833,0.000379539,0.00005396933,0.0009240867,0.00008727527,0.0008737575,0.00002640479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002241378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003420716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007431397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003814303,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978416,0.0000934565,0.0003726533,0.000261169,0.0003271816,0.00110394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999135,0.0002023125,0.0003593874,0.0001743439,0.0001026547,0.00002633651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001780654,0.0002725258,0.3281241,0.00007977842,0.0006694001,0.00003693896,0.0001495548,0.000009825421,0.005069692,0.06153089,0.001867652,0.600409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03255448,0.0005569133,0.544193,0.004118086,0.007093469,0.0007168212,0.00961793,0.0008457519,0.002243966,0.1222519,0.270043,0.005764686],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735709,0.007317191,0.0002536605,0.0001446843,0.001042143,0.0002463208,0.000002242627,0.00003471453,0.01738815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957696,0.002823941,0.00002843813,0.00007881941,0.0008825471,0.000005058826,0.00000305456,0.00002488498,0.0003836984],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5946443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7604657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02017075975182478,"score_gpt":0.2373370534297857,"score_spread":0.2171662936779609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}