{"id":"W2999591574","doi":"10.1136/bmj.l4408","title":"New business models for research and development with affordability requirements are needed to achieve fair pricing of medicines","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMJ","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Pooling; Business; Business model; Marketing; Risk analysis (engineering); Finance; Process management; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007759397,0.0001020732,0.0003473842,0.0001174516,0.0000729901,0.0000278552,0.0001619497,0.00004253808,0.00002828631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002134905,0.00009761098,0.00001811311,0.0002840929,0.00004505842,0.0001323108,0.0001217044,0.00007719792,0.00001534662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006446561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001120654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002273733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000677205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988465,0.000007639176,0.0005079175,0.0003201877,0.00004623782,0.0002714608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992349,0.00007608382,0.000163128,0.000153171,0.0001057571,0.0002669911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01218069,0.0009640412,0.1072456,0.0060297,0.001131145,0.00001252749,0.04494537,0.01856125,0.001161821,0.49187,0.257239,0.05865877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01567881,0.003545192,0.0611027,0.0006981335,0.00003885671,0.000008532874,0.004494298,0.1024931,0.009742386,0.2174542,0.582574,0.002169842],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7039313,0.0003760177,0.1152206,0.1696965,0.0001439184,0.002348363,0.0001344024,0.00002987726,0.008118994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9744423,0.00003449037,0.0206248,0.004440291,0.0002145696,0.00007451333,0.000007576154,0.000022227,0.0001391958],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3253349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.398046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4007367688829906,"score_gpt":0.407365353610889,"score_spread":0.006628584727898457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}