{"id":"W2999924904","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2182134","title":"Valuation of Shares and Equity Financing in an Economy with Frictions but No Leverage: The Value of Retained Earnings","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Financial Reporting and Valuation Research","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Valuation (finance); Earnings; Leverage (statistics); Business; Equity (law); Finance; Pre-money valuation; Enterprise value; Equity value; Economics; Financial economics; Monetary economics; Debt","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004854517,0.00007785686,0.0001397923,0.0001923152,0.0002149735,0.00008146122,0.0001408039,0.00003538297,0.00002640983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005858397,0.00005591563,0.00003329055,0.0002808251,0.00004477399,0.0007456731,0.00005636429,0.0006035455,0.000003802917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001563756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007839214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006766959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001657439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99867,0.0000416383,0.0003712319,0.0001252739,0.0002621784,0.0005297148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989021,0.000049946,0.0005032248,0.0001071154,0.0004291214,0.000008463192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004079952,0.0002858115,0.4708407,0.0001694913,0.00011105,0.000003330944,0.0009214202,0.02396122,0.004066541,0.3627547,0.0001286934,0.136349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002615609,0.0005837821,0.6810358,0.0002534799,0.00012995,0.00007190683,0.00292955,0.1698292,0.0004888221,0.1382591,0.003438351,0.0003645359],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948319,0.0001662455,0.002137803,0.0009625806,0.00002154914,0.0001374876,3.150778e-7,0.000008104068,0.001734079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991825,0.0000770593,0.00009190629,0.00006298604,0.0002756366,0.000005494162,0.0000030847,0.000009225661,0.0002920601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2244956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2622139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03588688843840133,"score_gpt":0.2958131219613721,"score_spread":0.2599262335229708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}