{"id":"W2999961398","doi":"10.1145/2007477.1952702","title":"Patch auditing in infrastructure as a service clouds","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices","topic":"Security and Verification in Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cloud computing; Hypervisor; Virtualization; Operating system; Overhead (engineering); Leverage (statistics); Software; Binary translation; Audit; Distributed computing; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002550148,0.0001274872,0.0001322561,0.00009264355,0.0001159293,0.0001147866,0.001815187,0.00008921886,0.00009832242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002599727,0.0001260733,0.00002570305,0.0005817976,0.00002067124,0.0004736491,0.0004662454,0.0002290803,0.0001707572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002574512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006281793,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001059161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002373673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988511,0.00007110134,0.0002535917,0.0003547747,0.0001927365,0.0002767491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986952,0.0002856817,0.0001604645,0.0007166039,0.0000721793,0.00006986668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007519846,0.0003351535,0.3522545,0.0003778503,0.0000827123,0.0002885219,0.2086152,0.001585204,0.001275232,0.2938708,0.002522743,0.1387169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001412721,0.0002325672,0.620454,0.0003601651,0.00002343137,0.0001245026,0.003490796,0.215795,0.009507809,0.1353686,0.01189649,0.001334017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9803231,0.00006010671,0.008569394,0.0009684628,0.0005970206,0.0001118427,0.00000182304,0.0002117756,0.009156504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9490324,0.000003927687,0.04923113,0.001584716,0.0001189877,0.000005528413,0.000003060286,0.000006868434,0.00001339841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2681995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5141119,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04106271506474883,"score_gpt":0.2609275681407418,"score_spread":0.2198648530759929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}