{"id":"W3001360969","doi":"10.1002/ese3.625","title":"A novel method to evaluate cleaning quality of oil in shale using pyrolysis pyrogram","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Petrophysics; Oil shale; Kerogen; Petroleum engineering; Hydrocarbon; Pyrolysis; Matrix (chemical analysis); Shale oil; Residual oil; Organic matter; Tight oil; Environmental science; Process engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Geology; Chemistry; Source rock; Porosity; Chromatography; Waste management; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001056873,0.0001766995,0.0003544444,0.0005090099,0.00004842919,0.00005414703,0.0004000733,0.00005027354,0.00001744869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002535434,0.0001851364,0.0001035577,0.00374605,0.00003742125,0.0003393444,0.0001002751,0.0001349881,0.000002971881],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001221189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005155726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003562785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005544953,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982178,0.0000264276,0.0004738533,0.0003331817,0.000548986,0.0003997604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993302,0.00004999616,0.00004440923,0.0002280201,0.00007170615,0.0002756447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016785,0.000005561027,0.00004637483,0.000006045635,0.000009604079,8.033505e-7,0.0004788475,0.5367203,0.4598852,0.001692947,4.697629e-7,0.00115218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001650926,0.00001254462,0.0002518703,0.00002589717,0.00001151579,0.000001018142,0.0001857819,0.9038266,0.09473801,0.000003892577,0.000581676,0.0001961023],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.35955,0.00007331566,0.6397656,0.00007558412,0.00006723752,0.00001904548,0.000001832595,0.0001431553,0.0003042397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9127384,0.000008554612,0.08708881,0.00006886169,0.00004835707,0.0000102284,0.000001412392,0.00002592648,0.000009429934],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5531884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7549642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05231084636365442,"score_gpt":0.3146461403931165,"score_spread":0.2623352940294621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}