{"id":"W3002138107","doi":"10.1080/24694452.2019.1696664","title":"Social Media Big Data Acquisition and Analysis for Qualitative GIScience: Challenges and Opportunities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"CLARITY; Qualitative research; Data science; Qualitative property; Social media; Geographic information system; Big data; Volunteered geographic information; Computer science; Sociology; Knowledge management; World Wide Web; Geography; Social science; Data mining; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002990579,0.00008388494,0.0003875224,0.0001791041,0.0004193366,0.00002792261,0.0003084694,0.00003988524,0.000002377424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001234962,0.00007114686,0.0001459971,0.001002567,0.001303916,0.0002698982,0.0001353612,0.00004381981,1.285539e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008630871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004926122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006005681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007875741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982782,0.0004386171,0.0003462438,0.0001686084,0.0005805811,0.0001877305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967281,0.0009982637,0.001500057,0.0001269698,0.0005813275,0.00006528848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005530977,0.00002816034,0.07009462,0.00007855813,0.001943933,5.162834e-8,0.85218,0.000004751202,0.00001507884,0.02208317,0.003762327,0.04975402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001761065,0.00006554963,0.3437805,0.0000104035,0.0002416163,2.165528e-8,0.647562,0.00004630313,0.000009170471,0.002214062,0.005781878,0.0001124644],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7574275,0.002610739,0.0002891615,0.2347012,0.0001719885,0.0005498824,0.0009395016,0.0000474116,0.003262633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923193,0.006651398,0.0001163415,0.0007753258,0.00007976851,0.00001093214,0.00002085765,0.000003421054,0.00002263953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2736859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4804331,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3755530068011134,"score_gpt":0.4166958426193433,"score_spread":0.04114283581822992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}