{"id":"W3005495108","doi":"10.3390/ma13030801","title":"Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":395,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Hydro-Québec","funders":"Mitacs; Faculty of Engineering, McGill University; McGill University","keywords":"Leaching (pedology); Commercialization; Waste management; Context (archaeology); Pyrometallurgy; Environmental science; Engineering; Materials science; Business; Metallurgy; Smelting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006835414,0.0008685994,0.00114858,0.002117393,0.0003405802,0.001331806,0.0008374669,0.0010396,0.003335727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006269905,0.0004497868,0.0006523174,0.002394013,0.0004821929,0.001948894,0.0007363089,0.001226068,0.001716999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001577147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00104728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001541176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996812,0.00004410377,0.00004497449,0.00005878862,0.0001317975,0.00003910457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996946,0.0001380385,0.00005301525,0.00001421358,0.00008123103,0.00001884496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007065947,0.0001445251,0.0002847422,0.08024313,0.000107914,0.0003794933,0.0002228471,0.001104266,0.01258113,0.01752326,0.01585022,0.8714878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005887361,0.00009550121,0.0004796608,0.003714178,0.00008564928,0.0006399788,0.00008577197,0.0001924712,0.003467385,0.002767439,0.9884467,0.00001938516],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005171613,0.995953,0.0003720255,0.0002056338,0.0001223237,0.000005447327,0.00002780227,0.00001377322,0.002782875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00205246,0.9965299,0.0003034142,0.0001399188,0.00007716265,0.000008415514,0.0000326398,0.000003604965,0.0008524973],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003335727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01115906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02869646316405279,"score_gpt":0.3037748095157494,"score_spread":0.2750783463516966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}