{"id":"W3007101410","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105867","title":"Interconnection-level primary frequency control by MBPSS with wind generation and evaluation of economic impacts","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","topic":"Power System Optimization and Stability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","keywords":"Interconnection; Automatic frequency control; Wind power; Electric power system; Reliability engineering; Grid; Frequency regulation; Automatic Generation Control; Control (management); Stability (learning theory); Engineering; Power (physics); Computer science; Telecommunications; Electrical engineering; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005176269,0.0001456099,0.0003271349,0.0001461493,0.0000201658,0.00007306838,0.000177153,0.00008153224,0.00004465728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009690363,0.0001227256,0.00006657029,0.0001007199,0.00002510014,0.0003756389,0.000008647349,0.0001266709,0.000001352641],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004328665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001622316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006673572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001564485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982383,0.000164388,0.0007525681,0.000141423,0.0005786205,0.000124713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986375,0.00008335722,0.000349157,0.00007685693,0.0007028936,0.000150215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005000223,0.0001618633,0.006597122,0.00005919893,0.002110162,0.00001698137,0.000787285,0.881087,0.09071214,0.004425403,0.01034795,0.00319486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003664384,0.0006264508,0.001779896,0.00008657428,0.0001255916,0.0002446848,0.00005285535,0.9886498,0.002887737,0.00005776438,0.001562014,0.0002622374],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4732414,0.007337503,0.5126354,0.0006616833,0.002665397,0.0003044819,0.0001131842,0.00005414193,0.002986749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994729,0.00006610298,0.0001135647,0.0001034715,0.0001931574,0.000004646422,0.0000178837,0.00001909051,0.000009154068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5262315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5004604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01735292615896105,"score_gpt":0.2293248005164428,"score_spread":0.2119718743574818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}