{"id":"W3007289092","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-59669-x","title":"Challenges and Opportunities with Causal Discovery Algorithms: Application to Alzheimer’s Pathophysiology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; St Joseph's Health Centre; McGill University; Jewish General Hospital","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Genentech; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; IXICO; H. Lundbeck A/S; Servier; Eisai; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; Pfizer; Biogen; BioClinica; F. Hoffmann-La Roche; University of Southern California; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; U.S. Department of Defense; Eli Lilly and Company; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Meso Scale Diagnostics; National Institute on Aging; Alzheimer's Association; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Causal inference; Computer science; Causal structure; Causal model; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Gold standard (test); Machine learning; Neuroimaging; Observational study; Data science; Inference; Graph; Artificial intelligence; Disease; Theoretical computer science; Psychology; Alzheimer's disease; Econometrics; Medicine; Mathematics; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.07817622,0.001944699,0.002460271,0.005228522,0.002565765,0.006000225,0.003099725,0.004832441,0.002815187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.286708,0.001485862,0.002130702,0.008291524,0.008594009,0.009157777,0.004801789,0.008952649,0.0005670978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003172248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006913457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009230068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007620258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9602699,0.03296457,0.0009827897,0.002336148,0.003146646,0.0002999683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.5129378,0.4684683,0.004318157,0.006846345,0.00611921,0.001310269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003654406,0.0003500723,0.01598689,0.001431317,0.0009717493,0.0005395812,0.001520129,0.1724818,0.0005778759,0.3911974,0.01049715,0.4040805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008224296,0.00007943464,0.0009491618,0.0002708637,0.00006704625,0.0001996899,0.0002877031,0.2170934,0.000306449,0.7738416,0.006775424,0.00004697495],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01239507,0.02033856,0.9225811,0.04077776,0.0003235793,0.0001546521,0.0002484494,0.000407212,0.002773482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1941803,0.01540211,0.7849169,0.002692738,0.001091314,0.0004144307,0.0003177108,0.0001538693,0.0008307006],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07817622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4134403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09869281773235718,"score_gpt":0.2759703795366834,"score_spread":0.1772775618043262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}