{"id":"W3007314692","doi":"10.1111/roie.12473","title":"A new impetus for endogenous growth: R&amp;D offshoring via virtual labor mobility","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of International Economics","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Offshoring; Economics; Endogenous growth theory; Labour economics; Growth rate; Outsourcing; Market economy; Business; Human capital","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000689771,0.0002022228,0.000756859,0.0000843146,0.00004178852,0.00003229046,0.0005281433,0.00007245477,0.0008070045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008509505,0.000253508,0.000359712,0.00009176422,0.00004029683,0.0003507721,0.0001103135,0.0001258888,0.0003376531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001779584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001011842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001486108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001642777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997928,0.00001356996,0.001227167,0.0005736153,0.00002399307,0.0002336147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998484,0.0001391631,0.000770949,0.0003040766,0.0001092831,0.0001925114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002359539,0.0002254294,0.03575567,0.004387804,0.0006934816,0.000001117561,0.0004830169,0.0002513699,0.0003075523,0.9210656,0.008171113,0.0284219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001960119,0.00036453,0.003067048,0.0004789973,0.00005591763,0.00002962984,0.00002629271,0.005909539,0.001596896,0.06563262,0.919929,0.0009493869],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4309426,0.2830324,0.1305838,0.07639142,0.009326532,0.005614151,0.01017198,0.000273362,0.05366381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7684175,0.1877449,0.02887445,0.01049744,0.003050002,0.0001919789,0.000380364,0.0001235289,0.0007198841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9117579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06353061797772547,"score_gpt":0.248870687082335,"score_spread":0.1853400691046095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}