{"id":"W3007745370","doi":"10.2147/copd.s234942","title":"<p>Economic Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Literature Review</p>","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of COPD","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":368,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; COPD; Exacerbation; Indirect costs; MEDLINE; Intensive care medicine; Population; Systematic review; Health care; Disease burden; Emergency medicine; Environmental health; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008250998,0.0009734635,0.005100572,0.001126633,0.00006821916,0.0001371882,0.002034965,0.0003555931,0.001190859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001264101,0.0007716482,0.003067853,0.0005902956,0.0003385471,0.00054931,0.0005151692,0.001573832,0.0003001621],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005212863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006702576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004066637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001689497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916232,0.0007372199,0.003765134,0.0007985163,0.002515769,0.0005601782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911648,0.0005666307,0.004115167,0.0008962594,0.002137661,0.001119482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008869842,0.0003542184,0.00001757972,0.8063346,0.005169818,0.01390599,0.0001091611,0.00001967983,0.00002972144,0.001073795,0.006633826,0.1654646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008194895,0.0001869217,0.0001273956,0.4927286,0.003856967,0.00493464,0.00001457258,0.0002844534,0.000001467495,0.0001596411,0.4965002,0.0003857106],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005200391,0.9904915,0.00003144858,0.001355924,0.002225686,0.002849119,0.00132046,0.00003124485,0.00164258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001294069,0.9915509,0.0001280778,0.0001352988,0.004590562,0.0001650595,0.0005006948,0.0001747017,0.001460701],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4898663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01981172735440579,"score_gpt":0.3288583360112458,"score_spread":0.30904660865684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}