{"id":"W3007803772","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0229596","title":"The Virtual Operative Assistant: An explainable artificial intelligence tool for simulation-based training in surgery and medicine","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Surgical Simulation and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":292,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Montreal General Hospital; McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"King Abdulaziz University; King Fahad Medical City; McGill University","keywords":"Computer science; Virtual reality; Artificial intelligence; Psychomotor learning; Virtual training; Human–computer interaction; Subject-matter expert; Software; Machine learning; Expert system; Cognition; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001445063,0.0007254418,0.0002944727,0.0008202431,0.0002932078,0.001239736,0.001381664,0.0009141946,0.009448108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005763022,0.000272647,0.0004871673,0.0002909981,0.0005900414,0.000993105,0.001681528,0.0008065139,0.00127554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003691619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009019377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008435052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001331848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992906,0.0003275635,0.00005102932,0.00008734797,0.0002034249,0.00004006162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977229,0.001508082,0.0001869459,0.0002329325,0.0001923025,0.0001567654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009083215,0.0008070878,0.006954327,0.001092564,0.0001378847,0.0008591614,0.003499945,0.07427651,0.04786569,0.05921569,0.02419831,0.7801845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005070834,0.002215328,0.01363407,0.0008039743,0.0001771348,0.002472451,0.0007796549,0.5695373,0.03621769,0.05567024,0.3175872,0.0003979851],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02746104,0.0002150631,0.9545555,0.0006279923,0.00008493635,0.0005264981,0.0005673323,0.01052267,0.005438833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2044771,0.0003532561,0.7869154,0.000240662,0.00006459335,0.0008281182,0.0008280779,0.0005129377,0.005780011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009448108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03160709,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2640426698681665,"score_gpt":0.3567522743935525,"score_spread":0.09270960452538601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}