{"id":"W3007897270","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-817982-6.00006-9","title":"The use of biochar for sustainable treatment of contaminated soils","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Environmental remediation; Amendment; Pyrolysis; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Waste management; Biomass (ecology); Soil water; Organic matter; Cation-exchange capacity; Carbon fibers; Chemistry; Contamination; Materials science; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000164784,0.0006461007,0.0003118761,0.0008804514,0.000294496,0.001389803,0.0004568186,0.000842593,0.008979384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001110008,0.0003300854,0.0004220053,0.0010959,0.0002967315,0.001112121,0.0005742733,0.0008356025,0.005687552],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004690604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004656909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001189863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004416979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999044,0.000007730061,0.00000415238,0.00001652818,0.00005685965,0.00001033267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999962,0.00001783263,0.000002946134,0.0000034247,0.00001071244,0.000003086689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000587134,0.0001482242,0.0002253563,0.001588538,0.00002873517,0.0004317827,0.0001733637,0.002090016,0.157902,0.03908939,0.03387844,0.7643853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004829092,0.00007709029,0.0005578683,0.0003531935,0.00001681261,0.0006785124,0.00007463473,0.001275391,0.05627103,0.01373126,0.9269436,0.00001569444],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01631765,0.3845466,0.03706165,0.002347109,0.002681142,0.00007672387,0.0004690321,0.0003606987,0.5561394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03778753,0.2702033,0.02140487,0.0008046976,0.0004098847,0.00004325902,0.0003640122,0.0001493437,0.6688331],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008979384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03003901,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02127915530265593,"score_gpt":0.2106556737895441,"score_spread":0.1893765184868882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}