{"id":"W3008224009","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110288","title":"Lead immobilization processes in soils subjected to freeze-thaw cycles","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Sorption; Soil water; Desorption; Chemistry; Freundlich equation; Environmental chemistry; Adsorption; FTCS scheme; Carbonate; Soil science; Geology; Organic chemistry; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001942574,0.0002718958,0.0002300518,0.0003737659,0.0003564738,0.0006515438,0.0002430696,0.0003314416,0.001404846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004021197,0.0001584735,0.0002322402,0.0003109397,0.0003381569,0.0003926885,0.0002162498,0.0002602437,0.0001844556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004689515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003431039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009400837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00901477,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998552,0.00001642623,0.000009725808,0.00003186185,0.00002613728,0.00006068841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998446,0.00003699615,0.00003067864,0.000009359516,0.00005906947,0.00001934774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002522848,0.0001094565,0.02445898,0.0001569704,0.00009267432,0.0003635322,0.0004391547,0.001704001,0.957879,0.0003025003,0.0002282119,0.01174253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001095885,0.001863071,0.2083999,0.00005543643,0.0001689533,0.000433804,0.001920883,0.009441793,0.7723631,0.001013228,0.004172901,0.00005740141],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984452,0.0003117073,0.0002787608,0.00002172488,0.00001099899,0.000007378994,0.0002914935,0.000007407861,0.0006253776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984823,0.0001768574,0.000192138,0.0000165098,0.000006184879,0.000006890919,0.0003375585,0.000004953053,0.0007766337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009400837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01869226,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02157036826102736,"score_gpt":0.2151385846629288,"score_spread":0.1935682164019015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}