{"id":"W3008863932","doi":"10.22230/cjc.2020v45n1a3453","title":"What Counts as Police Violence? A Case Study of Data in the CATO Institute’s Police Misconduct Reporting Project","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Communication","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Misconduct; Officer; Duty; Criminology; Political science; Psychology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03722314,0.0009517305,0.001246327,0.006707395,0.03054697,0.01107803,0.004134643,0.006572644,0.00197276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09738596,0.001334753,0.0008198415,0.01212562,0.0145573,0.01007657,0.01144887,0.008007879,0.0004358044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01156738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009109275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06262834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08734486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9122154,0.07085839,0.00340522,0.002778585,0.006651144,0.00409126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8792951,0.09337423,0.009554359,0.005247747,0.008858136,0.003670445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004791945,0.0001367522,0.0182021,0.0002424017,0.00001990333,0.01014622,0.9491248,0.0001303219,0.0002803675,0.008673766,0.002874667,0.01012079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005834195,0.00006469611,0.005925005,0.0003961889,0.00001329729,0.003070673,0.9689087,0.0003056662,0.0003953518,0.001527285,0.01935423,0.00003309359],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9406222,0.001361346,0.00829626,0.0247629,0.0002024944,0.000700024,0.0005881709,0.00005449783,0.02341202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9834713,0.001608133,0.008139824,0.002131599,0.0001199244,0.0005264304,0.0002733475,0.00009866774,0.003630791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06262834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1968572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.391630507523187,"score_gpt":0.4877916582378802,"score_spread":0.09616115071469317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}