{"id":"W3009733399","doi":"10.1002/lno.11428","title":"Deforestation caused abrupt shift in Great Lakes nitrogen cycle","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; Toronto Zoo; Laurentian University; University of Toronto; Trent University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto Mississauga; University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","keywords":"Ecology; Trophic level; Ecosystem; Deforestation (computer science); Environmental science; Watershed; Nutrient; δ15N; Geography; Stable isotope ratio; Biology; δ13C","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009121697,0.00008148233,0.0001033207,0.0002705883,0.0004642938,0.0003130217,0.0001032075,0.0002772562,0.001328647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003013202,0.00006897316,0.0000908781,0.0003963824,0.0003662209,0.0001568389,0.0003220982,0.0002048158,0.0001143112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001622063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009584561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1729041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3545129,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999349,0.000005745973,0.000004187112,0.00001398311,0.00001645614,0.00002470694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998413,0.000008875803,0.00005792798,0.000008681995,0.00005016066,0.00003300045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002997733,0.00003630529,0.9664162,0.00004178817,0.00004800074,0.001045877,0.001164402,0.0004434775,0.02016211,0.0002393135,0.001814811,0.00828793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001144876,0.000005109873,0.9989979,0.000001222768,0.000001898038,0.00002634202,0.0001632871,0.00006371143,0.0001424126,0.00001586668,0.0005799106,0.000001292933],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980125,0.0001058002,0.000028058,0.0001679106,0.000006902485,0.000002938307,0.0003207876,0.000007245168,0.001347849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999279,0.00006076454,0.00001842195,0.00003761718,0.000006420963,0.000002158358,0.0001761442,0.000001168151,0.0004183491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1729041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3437953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007385674562926355,"score_gpt":0.2085159782004394,"score_spread":0.201130303637513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}